Neurotechnology, anchored by brain‑computer interfaces (BCIs) that translate neural activity into machine‑interpretable signals, is rapidly moving from research labs into real‑world use, blurring the line between biology and computing. While BCIs promise transformative medical and functional benefits, they also introduce significant “neurosecurity” concerns as devices collect, transmit and store uniquely sensitive neural data. These risks mirror familiar challenges from other connected technologies but with higher stakes, given the intimate nature of the information at issue. In this guest article, Cooley partner Kristen Mathews and associate Nathaniel Kim outline key BCI capabilities, potential security vulnerabilities, state‑level protections for neural information and practical measures the industry is pursuing to mitigate cyber threats. See our two-part series on the sale of 23andMe’s genetic data: “Implications of the Motions for a Privacy Ombudsman and State Laws” (Apr. 16, 2025), and “Lessons for Companies Around Sensitive Data” (Apr. 23, 2025).